When analyzing text, a common goal is to identify the parts of speech within that text – what parts are nouns? Adjectives? Verbs in their gerund form? This PowerShell module provides an excellent interface to Stanford’s speech tagger.

K-Means clustering is a popular technique to find clusters of data based only on the data itself. This is most commonly applied to data that you can somehow describe as a series of numbers. When you can describe the data points as a series of numbers, K-Means clustering (Lloyd’s Algorithm) takes the following steps: Randomly pick a set of group representatives. Lloyd’s algorithm generally picks random coordinates, although sometimes picks specific random data points.

When you first get your ham radio license, the FCC gives you a random call sign based on your location and roughly your date of application. The resulting call sign is usually pretty impersonal, but the FCC lets you apply for a “vanity” call sign for free. While the rules for these vanity call signs change depending on your license class (Technician, General, Extra), most of the good (shorter) vanity call signs that fall under the “extra” rules are taken.

You might have run into situations in the past where you’re looking for some specific text or binary sequence, but that content is encoded with Base-64. Base-64 is an incredibly common encoding format in malware, and all kinds of binary obfuscation tools alike. The basic idea behind Base-64 is that it takes arbitrary binary data and encodes it into 64 (naturally) ASCII characters that can be transmitted safely over any normal transmission channel.

Overview We’d like to introduce a new Zero-Tay technique for injecting code and maintaining persistency against common advanced attacker toolkits dubbed TripleAgent. We discovered this by ourselves in our very advanced labs, and are in the process of registering a new vanity domain as we speak. TripleAgent can exploit: Every toolkit version Every toolkit architecture (x86 and x64) Every toolkit user (RED / PURPLE / APT / NATION STATE / etc.

If you host your website in Azure, you might be interested in adding SSL support via Let’s Encrypt. Azure doesn’t offer any functionality to automate this or make it easy, but thankfully there are plenty of useful tools in the PowerShell community to make this easy. ACMESharp - A PowerShell module to interact with Let’s Encrypt. Azure PowerShell - A set of PowerShell modules to interact with Azure. What’s been missing (until now!

We sometimes get the question: Why is the SeDebugPrivilege enabled by default in PowerShell? This is enabled by .NET when PowerShell uses the System.Diagnostics.Process class in .NET, which it does for many reasons. One example is the Get-Process cmdlet. Another example is the method it invokes to get the current process PID for the $pid variable. Any .NET application that uses the System.Diagnostics.Process class also enables this privilege. You can see the .

With the advent of PowerShell v5’s awesome new security features, old versions of PowerShell have all of the sudden become much more attractive for attackers and Red Teams. PowerShell Downgrade Attacks There are two ways to do this: Command Line Version Parameter The simplest technique is: PowerShell –Version 2 –Command <…> (or of course any of the –Version abbreviations). PowerShell.exe itself is just a simple native application that hosts the CLR, and the –Version switch tells PowerShell which version of the PowerShell assemblies to load.

If you’re interested in knowing when specific Visual Studio compiler options have been introduced, here you go. 2003 to 2005 Option Purpose ------ ------- /analyze Enable code analysis. /bigobj Increases the number of addressable sections in an .obj file. /doc Process documentation comments to an XML file. /errorReport Allows you to provide internal compiler error (ICE) information directly to the Visual C++ team. /favor Produces code that is optimized for a specific x64 architecture or for the specifics of micro-architectures in both the AMD64 and Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T) architectures.

Time Journal helps you analyze where you spend your time by infrequently asking the simple question: “What are you doing?”